C Programming

Course Objective:

• Provide knowledge on the need and importance of ‘C’ programming language and problem solving methodologies.

• Nurture programming skills with complete understanding of the fundamentals and basics of C Language.

• Impart comprehensive knowledge about arrays, strings, functions, structures, and pointers.

• Help understand the implementation the memory management concepts.

• Study the complications in file organization and the implementation of file systems.

Delegates will be able to:

• Develop programs using the basic elements such as control statements, arrays and strings.

• Understand the code reusability with the help of user defined functions

• Implement pointers to resolve the memory access issues.

• Understand the uses of preprocessors and different header file directives.

• Create advanced applications with the use of enumerated data types, function pointers and nested structures.

Course Contents

C Basics

• History of C

• Characteristics of C

• C Program Structure

• Variables

• Defining Global Variables

• Printing Out and Inputting Variables

• Constants

• Arithmetic Operations

• Comparison Operations

• Logical Operators

• Order of Precedence

Conditionals

• Conditionals

• The if statement

• The? Operator

• The switch Statement

Looping and Iteration

• The for statement

• The while statement

• The do-while statement

• Break and continue

Arrays and Strings

• Defining, initializing and using arrays

• Single and Multi-dimensional Arrays

• Arrays of Characters and Strings

• Arrays and pointers

• Strings

Functions

• Role of Functions

• Passing arguments to functions

• Returning values from functions

• Recursive functions

• Call back functions

• Implications on Stack

• Pass by value / reference

• Passing Arrays to functions

String Handling :

• ABasic String handling functions

• AString Searching

• ACharacter Conversions and testing :

• AMemory Operations:

Structures and Unions

• AStructures

• ANested Structures

• Array of Structures

• Allocation of memory and holes

• Unions

Further Data Types

• Coercion or Type-Casting

• Enumerated Types

• Static Variables

Dynamic Memory Allocation & Dynamic Structures

• Malloc, Sized, and Free

• Calloc and Realloc

Advanced Pointer Topics

• The purpose of pointers

• Defining pointers

• The & and * Operators

• Pointer Assignment

• Pointers with functions

• Pointer Arithmetic

• Advanced pointer types

• Pointers to functions

• Pointers to String

• Pointers and Dynamic memory

• Pointers and Structures

• Common Pointer Pitfalls

• Not assigning a pointer to memory address before using it

• Illegal indirection

Storage Classes

• Scope

• Internal

• External

• Automatic

• Static

• Scope and extent of parameters

Low Level Operators and Bit Fields

• Bitwise Operators

• Bit Fields

• Bit Fields: Practical Example

• A note of Caution: Portability

The C Processor

• define

• undef

• include

• if – conditional inclusion

• Preprocessor Compiler Control

• Other Preprocessor Commands

Integer Functions, Random Number

• String Conversion :

• Arithmetic Functions

• Random Numbers

• String Conversion

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Mathematics:

• Math Functions

• Math Constants

Input and Output (I/O) :

• Reporting Errors

• perror()

• errno

• exit()

• Streams

• Predefined Streams

• Redirection

• Basic I/O

• Formatted I/O

• Printf

• Scanf

• Files

• Reading and writing files

• Sprintf and sscanf

• Stream Status Enquiries

Data Structures

• Linked Lists

• Stacks & Queues

• Binary Tree

Sorting & Searching Techniques

• Insertion Sort

• Merge Sort

• Quick Sort

Writing Larger Programs

• Header Files

• Advantages of Using Several Files

• How to Divide a Program between Several Files

• Organization of Data in each file

• The Make Utility

• Make Programming

• Creating a make file

• Make Macros